What is the new corona virus and how can it be prevented

Corona Virus.

Corona virus is a common type of virus that causes inflammation in the nose, sinuses or upper pharynx, and most of this virus species are not considered dangerous, but some are considered dangerous, as more than 858 people died in the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome known as MERS in 2012 new corona virus.

, As this syndrome initially appeared in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and then spread to other countries of the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and Europe, and in 2007 more than 774 people died after contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome or SARS, and both MERS and SARS are types of Coronaviruses, and in this article,new corona virus we will talk about the new Coronavirus. [1]

Coronavirus symptoms.

Coronavirus symptoms depend on the type of virus causing the condition and the severity of the infection or infection occurring, so when an infection of the upper respiratory tract and the fact that this infection is mild or moderate in severity – as occurs in cases of common cold – the symptoms may generally include the following: 2]new corona virus

• Runny nose.
• a headache.
• cough.
• Irritation in the throat.
• Fever.
• Fatigue or general fatigue.

As for when the infection is severe, the symptoms may also be severe, as the infection may turn into the respiratory tract infection, in the context of bronchitis or pneumonia, and therefore symptoms of infection in these cases may include the following: [2]new corona virus

• Fever and this fever may be of high degree when an infection is associated with pneumonia.
• Coughing up mucus.
• shortness of breath.
• Chest pain or a feeling of tightness in the chest when breathing or coughing.

Severe cases of infection may be common in patients with heart or lung conditions and health problems, in patients with weakened immune systems, as well as in infants and the elderly.

Coronavirus types.

There are many types of Corona virus in general, and it is possible that these types differ in the severity of the disease it causes and the severity of its spread between patients and people, there are currently approximately 6 known types of Corona viruses that can infect humans, and among the most common of these types are the following: (3

• Type 229E, which is an alpha-corona virus.
• Type NL63, which is an alpha corona virus.
• Type OC43, which is a beta corona virus.
• Type HKU1, which is a beta corona virus.

Regarding the rarest and most dangerous types of this virus, there is the MERS-CoV virus, which causes Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome, and the SARS-CoV virus, which causes the severe acute respiratory syndrome.

The new corona virus.

According to the World Health Organization WHO, many cases of pneumonia were reported on December 31, 2019, i.e. December 31, 2019, in Wuhan – or Wuhan – which is the capital city of Hubei Province in China, and this virus has not been known or His approach to any of the other known viruses, and this increases concern about many health aspects, when a new virus is detected in general, experts do not know at first how it is transmitted and how it infects humans, and after a week of reports, that is, on January 7 of the year. 2020, the Chinese authorities have confirmed that they have identified the type of virus that causes these cases of pneumonia, and it has been classified within Coronaviruses, which is a family of viruses that includes those that cause the common cold and other viruses as previously indicated. [4]

It has been temporarily agreed to name the new Corona virus as 2019-nCoV, and the World Health Organization is constantly working in cooperation with the Chinese authorities and international experts from the day the cases were reported, in order to know the reasons for this virus and how it infects humans, in addition to trying to reach A cure for it, and what can be done by countries around the world regarding this new Corona virus. [4]

How the new Corona virus is transmitted.

There is a group of corona viruses – which includes the new Corona virus – in many animal species, such as camels, livestock, cats, and bats, and in rare cases, viruses in these animals can infect humans and then be transmitted between humans – that is, the transmission from person to person Another – as happened in the cases of MERS and SARS, and in many cases in people with pneumonia caused by the new Corona virus in Wuhan, China, cases of infection have been linked to commercial centers that sell seafood and live animals, which suggests the possibility of transmitting this virus from animal to human , But with the progress and development of this problem, the number of infected people who did not show any contact with the market for selling animals increased, which suggests that the new Corona virus 2019 can also be transmitted from one person to another. [5]

It is worth noting that when transmission of the viruses that cause both MERS and SARS occurred between humans, it was believed that the transmission took place through the respiratory secretions that are excreted when the patient coughs or sneezes, and this is similar to cases of influenza and other pathogens related to the respiratory system, infection with this Viruses were generally caused by close contact between people. [5]

It is necessary to note that the ease of spreading the virus between one person and another can vary according to the virus, some viruses are highly contagious, as is the case with measles, for example, while some other viruses have a lower predisposition to transmission and infection between people, and it is not even clear Now the ease of transmission of the new Corona virus between people, and therefore it is necessary to understand this matter well in order to understand the danger associated with this virus in general, there is a lot of information that experts and researchers have to know and investigate about the new Corona virus, specifically about the transmission of the virus, its severity and some other characteristics it has.

The spread of the new Corona virus between countries

The number of people infected with the new virus of the Coronavirus continued to increase in China on the twenty-second of the first month of 2020, in conjunction with the work of official organizations there to control the spread of the virus in general, as more than 440 cases were definitely diagnosed, and 17 have been identified. Of the deaths resulting from this virus in China, according to one of the international news agencies, and this number increases on the day than the previous day, as 300 new cases and 6 deaths were recorded until the 21st of the first month of 2020. [6]

Therefore, the official authorities in China had advised not to travel to and from Wuhan, which is the city in which the disease began, and in addition to those cases that were diagnosed in China, the infection was diagnosed in travelers to Thailand, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan, and on the 21st of the month. The first 2020, the first case of infection with this virus was diagnosed in the United States of America, when a person from Washington state had recently traveled from Wuhan, China, and the CDC is working to investigate the infection in people close to that patient, This is in order to diagnose their infection, if any. [6]

Can the new Corona virus be treated?

Coronaviruses of various forms can be transmitted between humans through coughing or sneezing droplets or by close contact between the infected person and a healthy person, such as skin-to-skin contact or even shaking hands, and infection may also occur by touching objects or surfaces that carry the virus, and it is possible that Coronavirus infection occurs in general at all times of the year, but infection with common types mainly occurs in the fall and winter, and infection with one or more types of Corona virus may occur in a person’s life, and since the current new disease occurred as a result of a viral infection, it is even Today there is no effective drug that can eliminate or cure it. [7]

Therefore, the CDC does not recommend the administration of any antiviral drugs with regard to treating the 2019-nCoV virus. Rather, patients infected with this virus should obtain supportive and symptomatic treatments in order to improve their symptoms, and with regard to severe cases of infection, the treatment is It must include the care and effectiveness of vital organs in the body, and therefore people who suspect exposure to this virus should communicate with a doctor immediately in order to take appropriate action. [8]

Advice for doctors regarding the new Corona virus

The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advises doctors to obtain a detailed history of all travel operations made by a patient who has a fever with respiratory symptoms, as the presence of infection with the 2019-nCoV virus should be considered in patients with these symptoms who were in Wuhan, China. On the first day of December 2019 – i.e. December 1, 2019 – and after that, in addition to the onset of symptoms they have within a two-week period of leaving the city, and the infection control center in the area in addition to the local health department must be informed immediately. [9]

Although the methods of transmission of the new Corona virus have not been determined with certainty yet, the CDC recommends careful communication with patients who are suspected of being infected with this virus, and the patient must be asked to wear a surgical mask continuously once he is diagnosed with an infection, and the condition of the infected patient must be evaluated in A private room with the door closed in it, and in ideal conditions, patients are evaluated in disease-free isolation rooms, and those entering this room must take basic precautions, and wear eyeglasses or transparent face coverings. [9]

It can be said that many cases can be expected and diagnosed in the coming days, including many cases in the United States of America – and perhaps in other countries – and given that this matter had happened with other strains of Corona viruses such as MERS and SARS, Person-to-person transmission will continue to occur with regard to the new Coronavirus. [10]

Prevention of the new corona virus

There is currently no effective vaccine to prevent infection with the Coronavirus 2019, so the best way to prevent the virus is to avoid exposure to this virus in general, and at the present time, no cases have been diagnosed with the spread of the new Corona virus in the United States of America. Preventive measures by people in general, but as a kind of reminder, the CDC recommends always taking daily measures that help prevent viruses that affect the respiratory system, as the following can be done to avoid the spread of many types of viruses: [8]

• Wash your hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, and when soap and water are not available, hand sanitizers containing alcohol can be used.
• Avoid touching the eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands.
• Avoid direct contact with sick people.
• Stay home if you get sick.
• Covering any spray that comes out during coughing or sneezing with a tissue, and then throwing the tissue directly into the garbage.

Prevention of the new corona virus

What is the new corona The CDC recommends that travelers avoid unnecessary travel to Hubei Province in China, including travel to the Wuhan region where the new Corona virus has spread, as the Chinese authorities have stopped travel and movement within and outside the city of Wuhan and many other areas in Hubei Province, Among the travel and transportation operations that stopped buses, trains, subways and the airport, it is possible that some travel trips for health care providers may occur in the affected areas, but it is advised to be careful in general when traveling to other regions of China, by following the following preventive measures: 9]

• Avoid contact with infected people.
• Avoid animals – live or dead – and animal markets and products that come from animals, such as uncooked meat.
• Always wash hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds continuously, or use alcohol sanitizers when this is not available.

In the event that you travel to China in the short period prior to the spread of the virus with a feeling of fatigue and illness with a fever, cough or difficulty breathing, the following measures must be taken: [9]

• Obtaining appropriate medical care immediately, and before going to the doctor or to the ambulance, you must call in advance and inform the doctor of the symptoms occurring and the existence of a story of travel to China.
• Avoid contact with others.
• Covering the mouth and nose with a tissue or a sleeve – not with the hands – while sneezing or coughing.
• Washing hands frequently and in the manner previously indicated.